Fundamentals of magnesium alloy metallurgy presents an authoritative overview of all aspects of magnesium alloy metallurgy, including physical metallurgy, deformation, corrosion and applications. Alloy design and processing design of magnesium alloys using. Specimens are usually cut in a direction parallel to the direction of working or predominant flow of metal. In present paper high temperature mechanical properties of az91 mg alloy weld joint was investigated. These alloys are widely available at moderate cost, and their roomtemperature mechanical properties are maintained to 95 to 120 c 200 to 250 f. Magnesium aluminum alloy powder janm454 type a is available per mil spec. As a master alloy, zinc magnesium can be used for grain refining, hardening, and improving alloy performance by enhancing properties such as ductility and machinability. Corrosion resistance of aluminum and magnesium alloys. Physicalchemical properties of mg vs other matls property units condition az91 am60 al380 al a356 nylon abs dc t6 30% glass sg gravity gcm 3 1. Some of the magnesium alloys supplied by smiths advanced metals. Mgli alloys can be aged hardened, although they tend to average at about 60c.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of a rare earth. Magnesium alloys are promising light structural materials. The resistivity of we54 alloy measured at 77 k decreases in two stages fig. Designing a magnesium alloy with high strength and high. High temperature mechanical properties of az91 magnesium. The ignition temperature of the alloy is elevated by 200300 k. The az31 alloy wrought magnesium tooling plate has the many benefits and special characteristics which gives the az31 many advantages like. Available alloy forms include sheets and plates, discs, foils, rods, tubes, wires, and. What are some of the common fabrication techniques.
Cast al cu mg alloys have widely used in aircraft, aerospace, ships and boat making, industrial and architectural applications for their good mechanical properties. Us4097270a removal of magnesium from an aluminum alloy. Review processing and mechanical properties of fine. Magnesium zirconium alloys tend to be used in relatively lowvolume applications where they are processed by sand or investment casting, or wrought products by extrusion or forging. Shaw, pennsylvania state university magnesium and magnesium alloys are often thought of as rapidly corroding metals because of their active positions in both the electromotive force emf series table 1 and the galvanic series for seawater see fig. They combine some of the high refractoriness of ceramics with. Az31b is a wrought magnesium alloy with good roomtemperature strength and ductility combined with corrosion resistance and weldability. Grain refinement is attained by hot working without additional treatments. Structure and properties describes the constitution and properties of magnesium based alloys containing rareearth metals. The results of the study conclude that reasonable prices and improved properties of mg and its alloys will lead to massive use of magnesium. Two major magnesium alloy systems are available to the designer. The use of magnesium alloys in structural applications has great potential for the lightweighting of transportation vehicles.
Generally immediately available in most volumes, ae alloys are available as bar, ingot, ribbon, wire, shot, sheet, and foil. The usage of magnesium is also in applications of medicals because of its low weight. Therefore the influence of weld joints microstructure on mechanical properties needs to be studied. Magnesium characteristics, properties, and applications. This demand has resulted in increased research and development activity in companies and research institutes in order to achieve an improved property profile and better choice of alloy systems. Ebert department of material science and engineering, technical uni6ersity of clausthal, sachsenweg 8, 38678 clausthalzellerfeld, germany abstract magnesium is the lightest of all metals used as the basis for constructional alloys. This alloy was quickly adopted in 1911 for structural members of the zeppelin airships and then for the first all metal aircraft, the junkers f, that first flew in 1919. A good range of mechanical fatigue properties and excellent corrosion resistance for a heat treatable aircraft. Corrosion resistance is achieved by enforcing very strict limits on three metallic impuritiesiron, copper and nickel.
Introduction to magnesium alloys chapter 1 magnesium is the lightest common structural metal with a density of 1. It possesses superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance than brass. Magnesium alloys article about magnesium alloys by the free. Magnesium is essential in nutrition for animals and plants. This second edition of magnesium alloys containing rareearth metals. A highspecificstrength and corrosionresistant magnesium. A good combination of high strength and high ductility at room temperature is attained by grain. Magnalium is an aluminium alloy with 5% magnesium and 95% aluminum. How are metal alloys classified and how are they used. The first magnesium alloys appeared in the early 20th century under the trade name electron, which is now obsolete. The mechanical properties were carried out using vickers microhardness measurements and compression test.
Isbn 9789533075204, pdf isbn 9789535145271, published 20110114. Since the rare earths are added to the mg alloys to improve the high temperature properties, it is essential to investigate the effect of rare earth content on the wear behaviour of az91 magnesium alloy. Influence of magnesium addition on mechanical properties and. In present paper high temperature mechanical properties of az91 mg alloy. The higher oxidation reactivity of calcium causes a coat of calcium oxide to form before magnesium ignites.
The influence of mg addition on mechanical properties and microstructure of al cu mg alloy was investigated. They are designated using the astm and sae system in which. It is normal practice to prepare these alloys from the higher grades of aluminum 99. The data in this collection focus on mechanical and physical properties of magne. Study on strength and fracture toughness of alznmgcuti. Pdf electromagnetic shielding properties of magnesium. This is due both to the fact that magnesium is so abundant, making production in many locations possible and to the minor metals enduse applications being so price sensitive as to encourage buyers to constantly seek out the lowest possible cost source. Magnesium rare earthbased alloys includes of magnesium rare earthzirconiumek, magnesium rare earth zinc by addition of rare earth elements we get improvement in elevated temperature properties so these alloys are suitable for use up to 480. Magnesium and silicon are the major alloy additions, making these alloys heat treatable.
Mechanical properties of magnesium and magnesium alloys. Many magnesium casting and wrought alloys achieve their useful mechanical properties via age hardening, which involves 1 solution. In the context of this lecture not every individual alloy and its properties have been treated in detail, but rather divided into alloy types with reference to the most commonly used alloys. Cast al cu mg alloys have widely used in aircraft, aerospace, ships and boat making, industrial and architectural applications for their good mechanical properties, high strengthtoweight ratio. With zm21 alloy mg2zn1mn formation of the zincrich beta phase is suppressed by the addition of manganese and the resultant increase in solidus temperature enables hot deformation to be carried out significantly faster than, for example, with the more generally used az31 alloy. Pdf mechanical properties of magnesium alloy az91 at.
Offering case studies and detailed references, corrosion resistance of aluminum and magnesium alloys provides an essential, uptodate resource for graduatelevel study, as well as a working reference for professionals using aluminum, magnesium, and their alloys. Development of the worlds strongest magnesium alloy. Pdf microstructure and tensile properties of the mg6zn. Stainless steel have good strength and good resistance to corrosion and oxidation at elevated temperatures. Each property range of values reported is minimum and maximum values of appropriate matweb entries. Az31b finds application in wide variety of uses including aircraft fuselages, cell phone and laptop cases, speaker cones and concrete tools. Weakened anisotropy of mechanical properties in rolled. C alloy ez33at5 sand casing mg e compound mg rich solid solution 18. This has led to extensive research focused on understanding the properties of magnesium and how these can be controlled during processing. Physical properties mechanical properties thermal properties other designations introduction.
Copper magnesium is one of numerous metal alloys sold by american elements under the trade name ae alloys. Magnesium alloys design, processing and properties 2 of the microstructure. As with metal manufactures in general, the tensile and other properties of the magnesium materials depend upon the composition, condition whether cast or wrought, details of. As with metal manufactures in general, the tensile and other properties of the magnesium materials depend upon the composition, condition whether cast or wrought, details of fabrication, heat treatment, and other factors. Compared to using alternative materials, using mg alloys results in a. Magnesium alloys and technology wiley online books. It is one of the least expensive and most versatile aircraft aluminum alloys available. It is demonstrated that the alznmgcutisn alloy can get a higher strength on overaged condition.
If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. Magnesium alloys are best suited for applications where lightness is of primary importance. The electromagnetic shielding properties of pure magnesium, magnesium alloys and the difference with other metals were investigated by using the coaxial cable method. Stainless steel are used at temperatures up to 1700 f for 304 and 316 and up to 2000 f for the high temperature stainless grade 309s and up to 2100 f for 310s. The alloy of magnesium is also used in gearboxes especially in aircrafts. Very good properties for pressuresealed components because of a forging process in preventing a porous microstructure 21. Alloys in which copper is the principal alloying element, although other elements, notably magnesium, may be specified. Such alloys are also more workable and easier to weld than pure aluminium. Depending upon the location and type of resource being used, a wide variety of production methods can be used to refine magnesium metal. Based on the findings above, the influence of microstructure on properties of the alloys is discussed. Materials and experimental procedures the ascast magnesium mgzr alloy and magnesium alloy we43 were used for investigation of structure and properties in experimental part of the work. Chemical properties the most readily available alloy is 50 50 and other alloys, such as.
Adding 2% of calcium by weight to magnesium alloy am60 results in the noncombustible magnesium alloy amca602. The need for lightweight materials, especially in the automobile industry, created renewed interest in innovative applications of magnesium materials. The reaction between the alloy and the silica preferably is initiated as a suspension. Magnesium alloy applications in automotive structures.
Effect of magnesium on strength and microstructure of. This property data is a summary of similar materials in the matweb database for the category magnesium alloy. Overview of materials for magnesium alloy categories. Magnesium alloys have a hexagonal lattice structure, which affects the fundamental properties of these alloys. During the ageing, the homogeneous and inhomogeneous cell structure is created and has influence on the dependence va f n ishikawa et al. It is our goal to constantly exceed our customers requirements for quality while maintaining on time delivery. Mechanical properties of magnesium alloy az91 at elevated temperatures.
How do properties vary throughout a piece of material that has been quenched, for example. The microstructure after two and four passes of ecap at 423 and 523 k was investigated by means of optical and transmission electron microscopy. Heat treatment was carried out to increase the mechanical properties of aluminium alloys. The properties of am alloys will increase from 19 to 28% and as21ae42 from 0. Cizekb a foundry department, fmme, vsbtechnical university of ostrava, 17. Aluminum and aluminum alloys materials data repository home. A magnesium based alloy with large lithium content demonstrates high specific strength in combination with corrosion resistance, associated with the formation of a. Alloys with smaller amounts of magnesium about 5% exhibit greater strength, greater corrosion resistance, and lower density than pure aluminium. Absorbs vibration for much more lifetime, while keeping dimensional stability, 4 to 5 times greater tool life, up to 5 times more machinable than rolled aluminum, machine dry, without oil or chemicals.
Mar 30, 2011 bronze an alloy of copper and elements other than nickel or zinc. Visit to get more information about this book, to buy it in print, or to download it as a free pdf. Magnesium is a silverywhite metal which is used as an alloy element for zinc, lead, aluminum, and other nonferrous alloys. Introduction to magnesium alloys asm international. Magnesium alloys are also used in many other engineering applications where being lightweight is a significant advantage. The material and its properties magnesium diecasting. Corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys revised by barbara a. Research within the cast cooperative research centre has tackled some of the important issues related to the use of magnesium in structural applications.
Due to low weight, good mechanical and electrical properties, magnesium is widely used for the manufacture of mobile phones, laptop computers, cameras, and other electronic components. Precipitation and hardening in magnesium alloys springerlink. Sep 21, 2016 the influence of the heat treatment on structure and properties of aluminium castings has been determined as well. Magnesium and its alloys applications in automotive industry. Zinc magnesium is one of numerous high purity alloys manufactured by american elements. With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, fundamentals of magnesium alloy metallurgy is a comprehensive tool for all those involved in the production and application of magnesium and its alloys, including manufacturers, welders, heattreatment and coating companies, engineers, metallurgists, researchers. The present paper focuses on finegrained magnesium based materials.
Development of ductile magnesium alloys is key to their use in reducing the weight of vehicles and other applications. The mechanical properties of magnesium gravity casting alloys are influenced by. The solute atoms consequently combine into a finely distributed precipitate. Cast al cu mg alloys have widely been used in aircraft, aerospace, industrial and architectural applications for their good mechanical properties, high strengthtoweight ratio.
Despite being the lightest structural alloys, obtaining magnesium alloys with both high strength and high formability remains a challenge. Dilute amounts of solutes enhanced certain ductilityimproving mechanisms over ones that cause brittle fracture. One of the remarkable features of alloys is the significant difference made by individual rareearth metals when they are added to magnesium. From this, the authors developed a theory that may. Magnesium alloys are mixtures of magnesium with other metals called an alloy, often aluminum, zinc, manganese, silicon, copper, rare earths and zirconium. Mechanistic origin and prediction of enhanced ductility in. Microstructure and mechanical properties of a rare earth rich magnesium casting alloy v. Given the reactive nature of mg, this calls for highly specialised technology. Alznmgcutisn alloy remains 563 mpa, while the strength of alznmgcuti alloy decreases to 557 mpa.
It is also used as an alloy to combine with other metals to make them lighter and. These are limited to very low levels making it necessary to use. Magnesium alloy components are 34% lighter than aluminum and 76% lighter than steel. Magnesium alloys are light weight and feature superior machinability and ease of casting. Alloys in which manganese is the principal alloying element. Mechanical properties and structure of magnesium alloy as31.
The heavy envelopes enclose data for a given class of material. Magnesium is removed from an aluminum alloy containing magnesium by reacting the alloy with silica to form silicon metal which dissolves in the aluminum alloy and magnesium oxide. Improving the properties of magnesium alloys for high temperature applications 269 in the previous works it was observed that az91 alloy had poor mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. Magnesium alloys design, processing and properties. Mechanical properties of zk60 magnesium alloy sheet at various deformation temperatures fig. Improving the properties of magnesium alloys for high. Alloy a380 has better than average machining characteristics.
Production, properties and industrial uses of magnesium and. Despite its good combination of physical properties, cucd is no longer accepted in most applications as a conductor alloy on account of the toxicity hazard and risks of respiratory disease associated with cd, both in initial manufacturing and in later recycling. Magnesium alloys design, processing and properties intechopen. Sheet\plate magnesium is the thirdmostcommonlyused structural metal, following iron and aluminum. There is interest in magnesiumzinccalcium alloys for fig. Mechanical properties and structure of magnesium alloy as31 a. The mechanical properties of wrought magnesium alloys are determined on specimens cut from the actual manufactures extrusions, forgings, or rolled products. Structure and properties of aluminiummagnesium casting. As a result of alloy development this will be reduced to 67% by 2002. An aluminum alloy is a chemical composition where other elements are added.
Excellent strength, especially with the fibres lying parallel to the main load direction. Specific yield and ultimate strength of the investigated alloy were reported to be higher if compared to the more common az91 magnesium alloys and comparable to that of the widely used a356 cast aluminum alloy. Fundamentals of magnesium alloy metallurgy 1st edition. Jun 25, 2014 the mg alloy produced by mdf showed an excellent balance of mechanical properties of 530 mpa yield stress, 650 mpa ultimate tensile strength, and 9% plastic strain to fracture fig. These other elements include iron, silicon, copper, magnesium, manganese and. The magnesium in the commercial alloys ranges all the way from 0. Age hardened aluminium alloys have continued to be the principal materials for aircraft construction which, in turn, has provided continuing stimulus for new alloy development. Magnesium base products are available in a wide range of mechanical properties. Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. The comments report the average value, and number of data points used to calculate the average. The majority of the tonnage of mg alloys is ascast, wherein structure and properties depend on casting parameters.
Mgre alloys and their applications fast and effective mapping of the temperature ranges of phase transformations can be done by the measurement of electrical resistivity response to the isochronal annealing. The material and its properties characteristic physical properties magnesium alloys for diecasting make it possible to produce components with low weight at competitive manufacturing costs. Aluminum is nonferromagnetic, a property of importance in the electri. Nov 12, 2012 physical properties mechanical properties thermal properties other designations introduction. Listopadu 15, 708 33 ostrava, czech republic b department of materials engineering, fmme, vsbtechnical university of ostrava, 17. Material properties of magnesium randy beals a a friendly friendly material properties. Engineering properties of magnesium alloys edited by charles moosbrugger asm international staff karen marken, senior managing editor scott henry, senior content engineer afina lupulescu, ph. Effect of magnesium on strength and microstructure of aluminium copper magnesium alloy girisha. To this end, a new alloy with extrudability and properties similar to 6000 series aluminum alloys has been. They are often anodized to enhance corrosion resistance. Mgalbased alloys, especially the az and am series, combine good room temperature strength and ductility with satisfying saltspray corrosion resistance and. Properties of magnesium and magnesium alloys trends in. Fundamentals of magnesium alloy metallurgy sciencedirect. Metallurgical materials science and alloy design aluminium.
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